1.5 Character Input and Output

• A text stream is a sequence of characters divided into lines

1.51 File Copying: getchar() , putchar()

• getchar function reads the next input character from a text stream and return that as its value
• putchar function prints the contents of a variable as a character
• File Copying:

 

• EOF: End of File , Numeric Value: 0xFF

1.52 Character Counting

• Character Couting:

• ++ operator : increment by 1
• -- operator : decrement by 1
• ++ & -- operator can be prefix or postfix; different values in expressions

Character counting

1.53 Line Counting

• Counting line = counting newlines

• A character written between single quotes represents an integer value equal to the numerical value of the character in the machine's character set

Line Counting

1.54 Word Counting

• Counting word = counting blank , tab or newlines